Macrolides

Macrolides are the bioactive compounds which belongs to the major class of polyketides, These are large macrocyclic lactone ring with one or more deoxy sugars. The macrolides posses both antibacterial and antifungal activity against various microorganisms. Macrolide antibiotics are prescribed for gram-positive bacterial infections like pneumococcal and streptococcal infections. By concentrating on the bacterial ribosomes, which are in charge of producing proteins for cells, and blocking the nascent peptide escape tunnel, macrolide antibiotics prevent the production of protein. Antiviral properties of macrolide medicines are well recognized. 

APPLICATION OF MACROLIDES:


A group of medications known as macrolides is used to control and treat different bacterial infections. Commonly prescribed antibiotics for infections including tonsillitis, sinusitis, pneumonia, and sinusitis include azithromycin, clarithromycin, and erythromycin. They are also applied to simple skin infections and pediatric patients' otitis media(2). Regardless of the presence or absence of clarithromycin resistance, clarithromycin is utilized to treat Helicobacter pylori infections in the usual triple treatment regimen. Macrolides are frequently employed in the treatment of chlamydial and gonococcal infections, two sexually transmitted diseases. This activity goes through the macrolide's mechanism of action, indications, contraindications, and other important aspects (including off-label applications, dosage, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, monitoring, and pertinent interactions) (3).


SIDE EFFECTS OF MACROLIDES:


People with liver disease, those who are allergic to antibiotics, and people who take drugs that include additional chemicals may experience negative effects. The association between using macrolide antibiotics and the chance of developing cardiac arrhythmias has also raised concerns (4).



Types of macrolides: 

7-O--malonyl-macrolactin A

7-O-succinul-macrolactin F

7-O-succinyl-macrolactin A

Macrolactin A

Macrolactin D

Macrolactin F, G, H, I, J, K,L, M

Macrolactin N

Macrolactin Q

Macrolactin S

Macrolactin T

Macrolactin W